Another example is 件 (jiàn) that can be used with clothes (top half), gifts, luggage, etc. For example, as mentioned before, 条 ( tiáo ) can be used with fish, pencils, etc., because it is the measure word used for long and narrow things. A measure word can be used with different nouns.Measure words are also used after “which” and “how many.” For example:.Measure words are used after “this” and “that,” for example:.You just have to know them.Here are a few more points you need to keep in mind in regard to measure words. These rules are not normally reflected in the tone marks of pinyin. There are three main tone change rules that every learner needs to know. XiaoQian's 7 days for Mandarin pronunciation guide on youtube is an awesome resource to learn Chinese pinyin. Click on any pinyin sound in the chart, and listen to the audio in all four tones! Chinese to Pinyin ConverterĬovert Chinese characters (simplified or traditional) to pinyin with tone marks. Our Pinyin chart with audios includes all Mandarin Chinese syllables. When "ui, un, iu, ü" stand alone, they become: When there is no initial before finals with "i" or "u", "i" should be changed into "y", and "u" into "w". When initials "j q x y" meet "ü", the two dots above "ü" are omitted.Ģ. However, there are some special situations.ġ. The general rule is: the initials and finals are grouped together with a tone. However, unless you know that a particular word is used in this manner, do NOT indiscriminately add an ending “r” to sound more native. People from north of China, especially Beijingers tend to add the “r” sound to certain words. Īs a habit of pronunciation, the "r" sound is especially common in the Beijing dialect, but is a feature of standard Chinese as well. In written Chinese, "Erhua" is represented by the letter “r” added to the end of the final. "Erhua" refers to the addition of a final "r" sound to a syllable in mandarin Chinese. In this case, “u” gets the mark even though it’s after “i” in the alphabet. For example, in “qiāo”, “a” comes earlier than all the rest letters, so we place the mark over it. Usually, the alphabetical order dictates which letter gets the tone mark. Tone marks in Hanyu Pinyin always go over vowels, not consonants. Their meanings vary a lot from each other. For example, the following four characters have exactly the same pinyin letters, but with different tones. Actually there are a lot of homophones whose meaning varies with the tone. When the tone changes, the meaning of the word may change too. The neutral tone, which is indicated by an absence of the tone mark is pronounced soft and short. However, there is also a neutral tone which occurs very often in spoken Chinese. Mandarin is normally said to have just four tones. The fourth tone is known as the “angry” tone, because it is falling and tends to be shorter in duration than the other three tones. The key to speak it correctly is to keep the sound very low before it rises. The third tone is a "falling-rising" tone. To many learners, it sounds like you're asking a question. It also sounds a bit longer in duration compared to the other three tones. To pronounce a compound final, read the simple finals separately and make a smooth slide of the sound. For example, "ia" is made from "i" and "a". We can simply regard a compound final as a combination of the simple ones. In addition to the simple finals above, there are compound finals: ia, iao, ian, iang, iong, ua, uo, uai, uan, uang, ueng, üe, ün, üan. It’s similar to the sound “u”, but with the lips pouting up a little. This is a special one, because there is not an alternative in English. Similar to 'er' in the English 'her', without the tongue curling up. Similar to 'sh' in the English 'sheep' - tongue is positioned below lower teeth Similar to 'ch' in the English 'cheap' - tongue is positioned below lower teeth Similar to 'j' in the English 'jeep' - tongue is positioned below lower teeth InitialsĮven though all of the consonants in Chinese represent basically the same sound that they have in English, it is important that you pay close attention to how each letter of pinyin is pronounced, as you can not read pinyin as if it were English.
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